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Burton is a small village with 103 households (2014) in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England. Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire of 1915〔Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire 1915〕 identifies Burton as the most important part of the parish of Nettleton. It is about west of Chippenham. There is a record of Burton dating back to AD 1204,〔The Place-names of Wiltshire p 81 1939 Gover, J.E.B et al.〕 and more recently in Book 44 - Wiltshire, of the Topographical Collections of John Aubrey 1659-70.〔(John Aubrey's remarks on Burton and St Mary's Church )〕 The modern community has an active Anglican church, St Mary's; the Burton Community Association, formed in 2014; and a public house, The Old House at Home. It is served by two nearby Church schools, Bybrook Valley CofE School in Yatton Keynell (4 miles) and Trinity CofE School in Acton Turville (1 mile), as well as Grittleton House private school (3 miles). ==St Mary's Church== The Church of St Mary the Virgin, which stands on the hill above the hamlet of Burton, is the oldest and most important building in the village, and is a Grade I listed building. The oldest parts of the Church date from about 1290 although little remains from that period. The Register of Incumbents dates back to 1305 when the Abbot of Glastonbury presented Johannes de Montacute to the living. The Manor and Advowson of Netlington belonged, until the Dissolution, to Glastonbury Abbey. The Church is now in the ByBrook Benefice in the rural deanery of Chippenham, archdeaconry of Malmesbury, and the present patron is the Bishop of Bristol. The National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Society has published a Church Record 〔(Church Record for St Mary's Netteton & Burton NADFAS )〕 for St Mary's, providing an extensive and detailed formal record of the contents of the church, and many aspects of the building. The external walls of the nave and aisle date from the 14th century and in 1460 a general re-modelling of the church took place which included re-roofing the church, the building of the chancel and the erection of the north and south porches. The 15th-century tower is one of a superb group to be found in this area, and has a western doorway over which is a quaint stone hood forming a shallow porch. The north porch is richly vaulted within, and is surmounted externally by a panelled and battlemented parapet. On the cornice beneath are a number of grotesques to carry off the roof water : two at each side. A much-worn stoup for holy water is against the inner doorway. The door itself is the original one and still retains a large handle and escutcheon of the original ironwork. The door is fitted with a Banbury lock, which is the earliest form of church lock. This type of lock is one in which the lock's metal components are separately fitted into a block of wood which forms the frame. There are two keys - the smaller, possibly the older, is 230 mm long, and weighs 483 gm; The larger is 317mm long, weighing 858gm. The south doorway is an early example of Early English work and has a curious canopied niche over the apex with flanking buttresses in which are carved two small human figures. The priest's door is in the north wall of the chancel chapel, as the rectory is on this side of the church, and has over it externally a curious little projecting hood. Above the chancel arch is a picturesque stone sanctus bell-turret with panelled sides surmounted by a short broach spirelet with foliated finial. The ceiled wagon roof is tiled in Cotswold stone. ===Inside the Church=== The earliest feature of the church is the circular Norman font, the lower part of which is formed like a scallop-capital with fish-scale ornamentation above. The north aisle, which has three Georgian box pews, is a 14th-century copy of Norman work. The arches of the nave rest on the round columns which have sculptured capitals, all of them different. Here is a fine array of thirty or forty figures and faces below the roof and on the arches. Most are human, with a few grotesques. Some of them are corbels holding up the roof. The bench table (stone bench) on the inside of the north wall is of particular interest and probably dates from the 13th century. Most of the ancient glass was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's men in the Fanatique Tymes, as John Aubrey put it, but some fragmentary pieces remain in the north aisle windows, mainly heraldic forms. They show Royal Arms, Scrope, Badlesmere, Dunstanville and Paulet among others. The families represented were all atone time or another associated with the Manor of Castle Combe though the Paulet arms occur all over South and West England. The 14th century aisle terminated in a line with the chancel arch. When the aisle was lengthened, the original three-light east window with reticulated tracery was reconstructed in the present 15th century east wall, and the square-headed three-light windows inserted in the north wall, and two in the south wall of the nave. Arthur Mee's description of the Church in 1939〔The King's England : Wiltshire p 265 1939 Mee, A〕 describes the nave as 'filled with box pews', but these have been reconstructed at some unknown date into pews of a normal height. The Royal Arms over the chancel arch, which by law after the Restoration had to be displayed, is interesting as it is in the form used by the Georges until 1801. These were the last of the Royal Arms to display the Arms of France in the second quarter. The pulpit is of stone, with 15th century stone carving. The stone steps up to it are 600 years old. The altar is crowned with a late nineteenth century reredos, which is a Doulton terracotta panel of the Last Supper by George Tinworth. The altar rails are 17th century with vertically symmetrical balusters. There is a heraldic wall monument beside the altar with marks of lightning on it, to Samuel Arnold a 19th-century rector for 40 years. Some restoration work was carried out in 1900 and again in the 1970s when a serious fire destroyed much of the work just finished. Repairs were again completed a year later. In 2009, the pews and pew platform were removed in the west end of the church, and a new stone floor laid over the earth floor underneath. This revealed that one of the beams supporting the pew platform was very old, hand carved and part painted - possibly part of the rood screen that many churches had before the Protestant Reformation. The church possesses several pieces of silver, including a flagon, chalice, paten and paten cover, most of which dates from the 17th and 18th century. There is a First World War memorial〔(Nettleton War Memorials John Belcher )〕 commemorating: * Albert Boucher, * Percy Brookman, * E.W.Hacker, * Edwin Kent, * Arthur G. Reed, * Victor Tarling, * Frederick J. Young, and Rolls of Honour for the Parish and for Nettleton School. There is a Second World War Memorial, commemorating: * George Copeland, * Sydney Edridge, * Kenneth Rawlings * Frederick Webb, * Frank Young. There are several other memorials inside the Church, mainly of the incumbents and their relatives. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burton is a small village with 103 households (2014) in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England. Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire of 1915Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire 1915 identifies Burton as the most important part of the parish of Nettleton. It is about west of Chippenham.There is a record of Burton dating back to AD 1204,The Place-names of Wiltshire p 81 1939 Gover, J.E.B et al. and more recently in Book 44 - Wiltshire, of the Topographical Collections of John Aubrey 1659-70.(John Aubrey's remarks on Burton and St Mary's Church )The modern community has an active Anglican church, St Mary's; the Burton Community Association, formed in 2014; and a public house, The Old House at Home. It is served by two nearby Church schools, Bybrook Valley CofE School in Yatton Keynell (4 miles) and Trinity CofE School in Acton Turville (1 mile), as well as Grittleton House private school (3 miles).==St Mary's Church==The Church of St Mary the Virgin, which stands on the hill above the hamlet of Burton, is the oldest and most important building in the village, and is a Grade I listed building. The oldest parts of the Church date from about 1290 although little remains from that period. The Register of Incumbents dates back to 1305 when the Abbot of Glastonbury presented Johannes de Montacute to the living. The Manor and Advowson of Netlington belonged, until the Dissolution, to Glastonbury Abbey. The Church is now in the ByBrook Benefice in the rural deanery of Chippenham, archdeaconry of Malmesbury, and the present patron is the Bishop of Bristol.The National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Society has published a Church Record (Church Record for St Mary's Netteton & Burton NADFAS ) for St Mary's, providing an extensive and detailed formal record of the contents of the church, and many aspects of the building.The external walls of the nave and aisle date from the 14th century and in 1460 a general re-modelling of the church took place which included re-roofing the church, the building of the chancel and the erection of the north and south porches.The 15th-century tower is one of a superb group to be found in this area, and has a western doorway over which is a quaint stone hood forming a shallow porch.The north porch is richly vaulted within, and is surmounted externally by a panelled and battlemented parapet. On the cornice beneath are a number of grotesques to carry off the roof water : two at each side. A much-worn stoup for holy water is against the inner doorway. The door itself is the original one and still retains a large handle and escutcheon of the original ironwork. The door is fitted with a Banbury lock, which is the earliest form of church lock. This type of lock is one in which the lock's metal components are separately fitted into a block of wood which forms the frame. There are two keys - the smaller, possibly the older, is 230 mm long, and weighs 483 gm; The larger is 317mm long, weighing 858gm.The south doorway is an early example of Early English work and has a curious canopied niche over the apex with flanking buttresses in which are carved two small human figures.The priest's door is in the north wall of the chancel chapel, as the rectory is on this side of the church, and has over it externally a curious little projecting hood. Above the chancel arch is a picturesque stone sanctus bell-turret with panelled sides surmounted by a short broach spirelet with foliated finial. The ceiled wagon roof is tiled in Cotswold stone.===Inside the Church===The earliest feature of the church is the circular Norman font, the lower part of which is formed like a scallop-capital with fish-scale ornamentation above.The north aisle, which has three Georgian box pews, is a 14th-century copy of Norman work. The arches of the nave rest on the round columns which have sculptured capitals, all of them different. Here is a fine array of thirty or forty figures and faces below the roof and on the arches. Most are human, with a few grotesques. Some of them are corbels holding up the roof.The bench table (stone bench) on the inside of the north wall is of particular interest and probably dates from the 13th century.Most of the ancient glass was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's men in the Fanatique Tymes, as John Aubrey put it, but some fragmentary pieces remain in the north aisle windows, mainly heraldic forms. They show Royal Arms, Scrope, Badlesmere, Dunstanville and Paulet among others. The families represented were all atone time or another associated with the Manor of Castle Combe though the Paulet arms occur all over South and West England.The 14th century aisle terminated in a line with the chancel arch. When the aisle was lengthened, the original three-light east window with reticulated tracery was reconstructed in the present 15th century east wall, and the square-headed three-light windows inserted in the north wall, and two in the south wall of the nave. Arthur Mee's description of the Church in 1939The King's England : Wiltshire p 265 1939 Mee, A describes the nave as 'filled with box pews', but these have been reconstructed at some unknown date into pews of a normal height. The Royal Arms over the chancel arch, which by law after the Restoration had to be displayed, is interesting as it is in the form used by the Georges until 1801. These were the last of the Royal Arms to display the Arms of France in the second quarter.The pulpit is of stone, with 15th century stone carving. The stone steps up to it are 600 years old.The altar is crowned with a late nineteenth century reredos, which is a Doulton terracotta panel of the Last Supper by George Tinworth. The altar rails are 17th century with vertically symmetrical balusters. There is a heraldic wall monument beside the altar with marks of lightning on it, to Samuel Arnold a 19th-century rector for 40 years. Some restoration work was carried out in 1900 and again in the 1970s when a serious fire destroyed much of the work just finished. Repairs were again completed a year later.In 2009, the pews and pew platform were removed in the west end of the church, and a new stone floor laid over the earth floor underneath. This revealed that one of the beams supporting the pew platform was very old, hand carved and part painted - possibly part of the rood screen that many churches had before the Protestant Reformation.The church possesses several pieces of silver, including a flagon, chalice, paten and paten cover, most of which dates from the 17th and 18th century.There is a First World War memorial(Nettleton War Memorials John Belcher ) commemorating:* Albert Boucher,* Percy Brookman,* E.W.Hacker,* Edwin Kent,* Arthur G. Reed,* Victor Tarling,* Frederick J. Young,and Rolls of Honour for the Parish and for Nettleton School.There is a Second World War Memorial, commemorating:* George Copeland,* Sydney Edridge,* Kenneth Rawlings* Frederick Webb,* Frank Young.There are several other memorials inside the Church, mainly of the incumbents and their relatives.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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